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Bombus atratus
''Bombus atratus'' is a neotropical bumblebee that is found throughout regions of South America, including Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, and Argentina. It lives in social colonies that include a founder queen/queens, workers and brood. ''B. atratus'' is somewhat unique because of its potential to oscillate between polygynous (multiple queens) and monogynous (one queen) nesting cycles. ''Bombus atratus'' was the first species in the genus Bombus that was discovered to display such polygynous nesting patterns.〔 The polygynous nesting cycles lead to certain specific types of behavior including queen-queen aggression.〔 Nests can also be perennial, which is a characteristic rarely found in other bumblebees.
''B. atratus'' can be helpful agriculturally because of their ability to pollinate different species of plants.''B. atratus'' has been found to occupy a range of geographic areas and climates throughout South America. Colonies have the ability to thermoregulate nests and keep them a little bit warmer than the outside environment. Foraging workers use muscle contractions to maintain stable temperatures and coupe with seasonal and daily fluctuations in temperature.〔
==Taxonomy and Phylogenetics==
''B. atratus'' is a species of the Bombus genus. It is a member of the order Hymenoptera, which includes ants, bees, and wasps. Its family Apidae consists of honey bees, stingless bees, carpenter bees, bumblebees, orchid bees, and cuckoo bees. The tribe Bombini includes bristly bees that feed on nectar or pollen, and the genus Bombus is specific to bumblebees. Within Bombus, ''B. atrarus'' is part of the the New World subgenus Fervidobombus, which includes closely relates species such as ''Bombus armeniacus,'' ''Bombus muscorum,'' and ''Bombus transversalis.''
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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